Coupling Agents as Adhesion Promoters

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Abstract
An extensive review has been made of the literature from 1950 to the present to include all work in the area of coupling agents and their use toward improving adhesion. The types of agents studied, mechanisms by which they act, substrates, adhesive systems, and theories of adhesion are all considered. By far the most common system is silane agent on a glass substrate, and a covalent siloxane linkage is proposed as the operative mechanism. Phosphorus esters and chromium-acid complexes are also known to be effective, and similar mechanisms are postulated. Other species will adsorb on adherend surfaces to provide an adhesive interlayer. The use of coupling agents as admixtures with adhesives and the use and mechanisms of their behavior on metallic substrates have not been thoroughly studied until recently.

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