Abstract
Under the heading ‘manic-depressive psychosis' it has been common practice to classify both patients who have suffered from manic and depressive episodes and those who have suffered only from recurrent depressive episodes without manic or hypomanic phases. In recent years, however, evidence has accumulated (Angst, 1966; Perris, 1966; Winokur and Clayton, 1967; Zerbin-Rüdin, 1968) supporting the hypothesis put forward by Leonhard (1957) that manic-depressive (bipolar) and recurrent depressive (unipolar) psychoses are to be regarded as two separate forms of illness, not only in their clinical aspects but also from the genetical point of view (see also Angst and Perris, 1968). If this were accepted, older theories about the genetic transmission of a global ‘manic-depressive’ psychosis would have to be revised.

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