Biocompatible whiskers with controlled morphology and stoichiometry

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Abstract
Hydroxyapatite whiskers have been prepared by the hydrothermal method. The crystals had diameter, length, and aspect ratio in the range of 1–10 μm, 30–50 μm, and 5–20, respectively. Their Ca/P molar ratio varied from 1.59 to 1.62. The morphology of the crystals can easily be controlled by the concentrations of species in the starting solution, while the Ca/P ratio is almost independent of them. Through the reaction with calcite powder at 600 °C, the Ca/P ratio of the whiskers has been improved even to the stoichiometric value of 1.67. Taking into account morphology and chemical composition of the HAp whiskers, they should not be health hazardous and may find applications as substitutes for asbestos and other fibrous materials which presently have restricted use because of their carcinogenic natures.