Body Surface Measurement and Replication by Photogrammetry and Computer Aided Design

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Abstract
This article presents and demonstrates a method of measuring the shape of the human skin and of reproducing the form as a real three-dimensional object at any scale. The working system consists of two parts, each normally in use for different disciplines at Delft University of Technology. The two parts, that we have interfaced, are a photogrammetric stereo restitution system and a CAD system integrated with a numerically controlled 3D milling machine. One stereopicture of (an arbitrary part of) the human body is sufficient to obtain any number of digitized points of the visible surface. Our system does not necessarily rely on reference grids, calibration frames, or surface marking points. Repeated measurements have shown that a measurement precision of 0.06 per cent of the observation distance is achieved. The data allow a complete surface representation by the CAD system, which in turn provides facilities for fast interactive viewing, for high quality colour image generation, and reproduction of the shape in foam material.