The Structure and Orientation of a Membrane Protein

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Abstract
A major integral protein, glycophorin, has been isolated intact from erythrocyte “ghosts” and shown to be a tripartite molecule that spans the entire membrane, having hydrophilic ends that protrude from both membrane surfaces and a hydrophobic embedded middle. Not only is this structure compatible with the need to mesh with a lipid bilayer but it appears ideally suited to function as a transmission belt across the membrane.