Some considerations of two alleged kinds of selective attention.

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Abstract
Reports 3 experiments dealing with selective attention phenomena and stimulus material classification. A before-after paradigm was used in Exp I, together with a spatial arrangement manipulation of relevant vs irrelevant stimuli (grouped or mixed). The performance of the 4 paid undergraduates indicated that before-after instructions had a stronger effect under stimulus set (SS) than under response set (RS) conditions. Spatial arrangement, however, affected performance under RS but not under SS conditions. Results support the idea that SS material, which is handled by preattentive mechanisms, may be processed in parallel, while RS material requires focal attention that is probably serial in nature. Exp II with 4 undergraduates used a search task with different levels of noise. Although Ss were not able to completely avoid the processing of noise elements, they had much more control under SS than under RS conditions. Exp II, with 32 undergraduates, dealt with memory functions and suggested differential levels of perceptual processing depending on the nature of the stimulus material. Findings extend the memory framework suggested by F. I. Craik and R. S. Lockhart (see record 1973-20189-001). Overall results and those from other behavioral and physiological studies lend strong support to the proposed theory. (2 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

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