Periostracal Morphology of Viviparid Snail Shells

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Abstract
The periostraca of the embryonic shells of 3 spp. of viviparid snails were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Campeloma decisum, a burrowing species, has a relatively simple periostracum consisting of spiral rows of low ridges. Viviparus georgianus has more numerous rows of short hooked hairs and ridges. Cipangopaludina chinensis has the most elaborate pattern with 2 apical and 3 body whorl rows of long hooked hairs, additional rows of very short hooked hairs and ridges.

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