Previous publications on treatment of hydrofluoric acid exposures have given insufficient emphasis to immediate skin cleansing and prompt restitution of serum and tissue Ca ion levels. Use of calcium gluconate topically as a 2.5% gel, in eyes as a 1% solution and by nebulizer as a 2.5% or 3% solution has improved treatment results. Calcium gluconate solution (10%) may be given i.v. as indicated for hypocalcemia. Proper application of the calcium gluconate gel immediately after thorough washing of localized skin burns will produce relief of pain similar to that achieved by s.c. infiltration of 5% calcium gluconate solution. This may be used as an end-point for adequacy of treatment.