Training or Employment? Japanese Immigration Policy in Dilemma

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Abstract
This article examines the Japanese training system for foreign workers from developing countries. While providing foreign trainees with the opportunities to acquire skills and knowledge at enterprises, the system concurrently serves as an adjustment function in the labor market. Many small- and medium-sized enterprises largely in manufacturing the sector accept trainees to cope with labor shortages as well as to gain a foothold for their future business operations overseas. Various studies have shown that there exist a substantial number of abusive cases where training is not provided properly. The fundamental problem derives from the gap between a strict immigration policy and the Japanese economy's structural dependence on foreigners. A clear national consensus must be established on whether or not Japan should accept semi- and unskilled foreign labor. The immigration policy should reflect this in formulating its long-term vision. The training system needs reformation to fulfill its functions appropriately and to protect trainees from abuse.

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