Genetics of grain amaranths

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Abstract
The Inheritance of six morphological traits was studied using grain amaranth collections representing three cultivated Amaranthus species, A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus, and A. caudatus. Seed coat color was controlled by two loci in A. hypochondriacus and A. caudatus giving a 12:3:1 segregation ratio for black-yellow-pale and black-brown-pale color classes, respectively. A leaf-spot trait segregated as a single gene dominant while a leaf V-mark trait segregated for two dominant complementary epistatic genes. Three loci are described for pigments on plant parts: red seedling color was Inherited as a single gene dominant; orange versus red mature plant color was controlled by a diallelic locus; and betacyanin distribution to the stem, leaves, and inflorescence was Inherited as a single gene dominant. Names and symbols for these loci are proposed. The finding of multiple, homologous loci controlling seed coat color supports a monophyletic hypothesis for the evolution of pale seededness in the domesticated grain amaranths.

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