Doppler standard deviation imaging for clinical monitoring of in vivo human skin blood flow

We used a novel phase-resolved optical Doppler tomographic (ODT) technique with very high flow-velocity sensitivity $\left(10 \mathit{\mu }\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}\right)$ and high spatial resolution $\left(10 \mathit{\mu }\mathrm{m}\right)$ to image blood flow in port-wine stain (PWS) birthmarks in human skin. In addition to the regular ODT velocity and structural images, we use the variance of blood flow velocity to map the PWS vessels. Our device combines ODT and therapeutic systems such that PWS blood flow can be monitored in situ before and after laser treatment. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first clinical application of ODT to provide a fast semiquantitative evaluation of the efficacy of PWS laser therapy in situ and in real time.