Effect of Forest Cover Removal on Depth of Soil Freezing and Overland Flow

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Abstract
Depth of soil freezing and overland flow were measured under four hardwood forest conditions in southwestern Wisconsin: woody vegetation cut and removed; all vegetation cut and removed; uncut forest with litter removed; and undisturbed forest. Removing only the litter and removing all the vegetation increased both soil freezing depth and overland flow. Removing only the woody vegetation decreased both. Frost‐depth means in a year of deep frost were 6 and 11 cm on the woody vegetation removed and undisturbed plots, and 19 and 35 cm on the all vegetation‐removed and litter‐removed plots. Overland flow values ranged from less than 1 cm on the woody vegetation‐removed plots to more than 7 cm on the all vegetation‐removed and litter‐removed plots. The increases in frost depth and overland flow appeared to be related to changes in soil bulk density and porosity.

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