Hyperplastic Phloem and Its Plastids in Spinach Infected with the Curly Top Virus

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Abstract
The hyperplastic growth induced in the phloem tissue by infection with the curly top virus was studied in minor veins of leaves of spinach, Spinacia oleracea L., by the use of the electron microscope. Proliferation of cells occurs in the phloem and in the parenchyma bordering the phloem. The arrangement of cells is less orderly when hyperplasia occurs in older than in younger tissue but in both instances the majority of cells differentiate into sieve elements. As in normal phloem, sieve element plastids having a ring of proteinaceous fibrils are a consistent feature in the hyperplastic phloem. Depending on the kind of cell in which hyperplasia is initiated, the plastids may originate from young plastids similar to those in normal sieve elements or from more or less completely differentiated chloroplasts. The protoplasts of the hyperplastic sieve elements, including the plastids, degenerate during differentiation or after maturation.

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