Energy expenditure in level and grade walking

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Abstract
An empirical formula was developed from which mean values for energy expenditure per kilogram of body weight (Ew) can be calculated for groups of normal adult males, walking on a motor-driven treadmill with speeds in the range of 35–115 m/min. and gradients in the range of 0–12 degrees. The formula was derived from experiments with two subjects. From the results it appears that Ew increases with the square of speed both in level and grade walking and that log Ew increases linearly with the geometric angle (in degrees). The validity of the formula was tested by experiments with 4 other subjects and experimental data from the literature. A close agreement between actual and predicted values was found. Factors influencing individual values for Ew are discussed. A diagram is presented from which Ew may be read off for various combinations of gradient and speed. Submitted on September 17, 1959

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