Morphology of neurons in the torus semicircularis of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens pipiens

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Abstract
The neuronal morphology of the torus semicircularis of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens pipiens, was examined in Golgi‐impregnated material. Neurons in each of the five subdivisions of the torus semicircularis (Potter, '65a) have distinct morphologies which are characteristic of the subdivision.Laminar nucleus neurons are mostly multipolar with spherical or ovoidal somata and smooth dendrites oriented primarily parallel and perpendicular to the cell laminae. Principal nucleus neurons have variable soma shapes with short dendrites ( < 100 μm) radiating in all directions. In the magnocellular nucleus, there are three major cell types: neurons characterized by small, spherical‐shaped somata, with short, thin, radiating dendrites and many varicosities; bi‐ or tripolar neurons with ovoidal somata, and long (100–200 μm) and smooth dendrites orienting primarily dorsoventrally and mediolaterally; and multipolar neurons with triangular‐shaped somata and very long (200–350 μm) dendrites, which are either smooth or highly spiny. Neurons in the commissural nucleus are mostly multipolar cells with ovoidal somata and beaded dendrites projecting mostly dorsally and ventrally. The subependymal midline nucleus contains mostly uni‐ or bipolar neurons with small ovoidal somata and straight, spiny dendrites.In addition to revealing the morphological features of neurons in the torus, the counterstained material shows further cytoarchitectural organization of the principal nucleus, i.e., the presence of a circular lamellar organization. The functional significance of these anatomical features is discussed.