Necessary and sufficient detector-efficiency conditions for the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger paradox

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Abstract
In this paper detector efficiency conditions are derived for the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox. The conditions will be necessary and sufficient, i.e., the GHZ paradox is explicable in terms of a local-variable model if the efficiency is below the bounds, and the GHZ prerequisites are inconsistent at higher efficiencies. The derivation does not make use of any of the symmetry assumptions usually made in the literature, most notably the assumption of independent errors. The errors in local-hidden-variable models are governed by the “hidden variable” and, therefore, one cannot in general assume that the errors are independent. It will be shown that this assumption is not necessary. Moreover, bounds are presented that do not need the emission rate of particle triples to be known. An example of such a bound is the ratio of the triple coincidence rate and the double coincidence rate at two detectors, which needs to be higher than 75% to yield a contradiction.

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