XLI. Analysis of Yowe in Electron Beams?

Abstract
A general discussion of noise in linear systems, where many modes carrying both positive and negative power can propagate, is given. Matrix notation is used and it is found that an arbitrary noise process can be represented by a process with independent excitation of each mode together with a lossless transducer. An expression for the noise figure of arbitrary beam type amplifiers is also obtained. This noise figure depends only on the least noise content of a negative power mode in the fundamental representation of the noise process.

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