Systematic studies of the fundi of large numbers of newborn infants have left no doubt as to the frequency of hemorrhages from the retinal vessels. In an effort to establish a correlation between this condition and the circumstances of labor, the accumulated statistics on the subject have been reviewed and a series of 498 newborn infants have been examined and studied with reference to labor. According to Ehrenfest,1the first recorded observations of the fundi of the newborn were those of Jaeger2in 1861. In an elaborate paper published in 1909, Stumpf and von Sicherer3presented a history of the investigation of the subject to that date and reported the results of their own study of a large number of cases. Their most important findings were as follows : 1. The corpus vitreum was always normal. 2. The eyeground of the newborn child in general resembled that of