Embryogénèse somatique directe à partir de cultures d'anthères du Cichorium (Asteraceae)

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Abstract
Somatic embryoids and diploid plants have been obtained directly from anther cultures of an hybrid Cichorium intybus L. .times. Cichorium endiva L. maintained by micropropagation. Anthers at tetrad and microspore stages were the most reactive. Darkness and high temperature (35.degree.C) were necessary to obtain somatic embryo development on a medium with naphthylacetic acid (0.02 mg.cntdot.L-1) and 6-(dimethylallylamino)-purine (0.5 mg.cntdot.L-1). A combination of glutamine and ammonium nitrate was the most suitable nitrogen source. A short induction time (10 days) allowed the embryoids to grow into adult plants. Most plants from the somaclonal population derived form these embryoids showed a good phenotypic conformity, and some variants showed a large anthocyanic vein or narrow and incised leaves.