Atom oscillations in the scanning tunneling microscope

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Abstract
The atom tunneling across the potential barrier separating the surface and the tip of the scanning tunneling microscope is investigated by semiclassical methods, and by integrating numerically the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is shown that the barrier crossing is explained by the resonance phenomenon of quantum coherence oscillations, rather than by exponential decay. The occurrence of these resonances at the variation of the bias voltage is studied for the first two isomeric states of a Xe atom in a surface-tip potential of double-well shape. The resonant bias voltages for these two states practically coincide, and at the first common resonance the effect of the environmental temperature is discussed. The results provide a useful frame for understanding the mechanism of atom transfer in scanning tunneling microscopy.