CHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF FRESHWATER FERROMANGANESE CONCRETIONS

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Abstract
Ferromanganese concretions from Grand Lake and Ship Harbour Lake in Nova Scotia and Mosque Lake in Ontario are most common in water 0.5 to 2 m deep. X‐ray diffraction studies show the ferromanganese portions of the concretions to be amorphous. Petrographic and electron probe studies of the ferromanganese material reveal chemical banding of iron and manganese. Bulk chemical analyses indicate that the Fe : Mn ratios of concretions from different sites within a single lake are similar, whereas concretions from different lakes have characteristic Fe : Mn ratios. Trace element concentrations are different in different lakes and are generally several orders of magnitude less than those of oceanic nodules.

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