A functional map of the nopaline catabolism genes on the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58

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Abstract
The nopaline catabolism (noc) genes are located in a 14.4 kb region on the pTiC58 plasmid of A. tumefaciens C58. These genes permit the bacterium to grow on nopaline N2-(1,3-dicarboxylpropyl) arginine, a substrate produced in plant tumors initiated by strain C58. The functions of the noc genes include the use of nopaline and L-ornithine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. Using Tn5 insertional mutants, we have identified and mapped the positions of the genes that are responsible for nopaline catabolism (NopC), ornithine catabolism (OrnC) and nopaline uptake (NopU). A polar relationship was found between these phenotypes, which extended leftward over the noc region to the T-region. The NopC mutants were also deficient in nopaline oxidase, an enzyme that liberates free arginine from nopaline. The noc region also encodes the synthesis of a periplasmic protein, n1 that was induced by nopaline. Tn5 insertional mutations and molecular cloning were used to map the n1 production locus. The recombinant plasmids, pSa4480 and pSa4481, containing the 8.9 kb right-hand end of the noc region, conferred n1 production when introduced into a pTi-free strain of A. tumefaciens. Production of n1 by the strains carrying these plasmids required nopaline induction. We have identified in toto three noc loci: nocB, nocC, and nocA, which confer n1 production, nopaline oxidase production and ornithine catabolism respectively. A model is proposed whereby the noc genes of pTiC58 are contained on a leftward reading operon in the order nocB, nocC, and nocA.