Pumping effects on thermal insulation of clothing worn by human subjects

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Abstract
The importance of the pumping effect on clothing''s thermal insulation was analyzed. To enhance differences in heat exchanges due to the pumping effect, 2 sets of condition were fixed, minimizing either the convective or the radiative heat transfers. The clothing insulation determined on a manikin, even if he is moving, is larger than the resultant clothing insulation for living subjects; the insulation is not the same for radiant heat or cold as for convective heat or cold; the pumping effect can increase or decrease the resultant clothing insulation; the clothing insulation is smaller in warmer conditions than in cooler ones; it becomes necessary to make a definite distinction between several kinds of clothing insulation; intrinsic or basic insulation against radiation and convection; effective insulation against radiation and convection taking into account only the heat flowing through the clothing fabric; resultant insulation taking into account the magnitude of the pumping effect when clothing is worn by living subjects.