A Pair of Young Cratered Volcanoes on the East Pacific Rise

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Abstract
35 km either side of the Pacific-Cocos spreading axis at 8°46'N, on crust years old, a pair of small seamounts rises 1.4 km above the faulted terrain of young abyssal hills. A high-resolution traverse made with the sonars and cameras of a deeply towed vehicle shows that the seamounts are inactive volcanoes, with concave side slopes that steepen upwards to 30°, and then abruptly flatten at 2-4 km wide summits. Ledges of pillow basalt outcrop on the lower slopes, and form some talus slopes, but the superficial rock of the upper slopes appears to be mainly hyaloclastite. A transponder-navigated deep-tow survey at the summit area of the eastern seamount mapped an asymmetric caldera containing 3 pit craters, which have vertical walls and flat floors. Dredging across the caldera floor recovered hyaloclastite, angular fragments of primitive tholeiite, and manganese nodules. The paired seamounts probably had a common origin at a "hot spot" on the spreading axis; continued to grow after they were split by sea-floor spreading; and became extinct and suffered summit collapse after they spread too far from their magma source.