Neoadjuvant therapy and bladder substitute for invasive bladder cancer: 20 years experience at Tohoku University

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Abstract
Background: Neobladder, using the intestine, was performed after neoadjuvant therapy and total cystectomy as a treatment for invasive bladder cancer. Methods: Between January 1977 and April 1997, an ileocecal neobladder was used for 23 patients and a sigmoid neobladder was chosen for use in 32 patients. For the diagnosis of invasive bladder cancer and the evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, we used whole‐layer core biopsy (WLCB) of the bladder tumor and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pelvic lymph nodes after bipedal lymphography. For neoadjuvant therapy, two to four courses of internal iliac arterial infusion chemotherapy (IIA) were undertaken in 32 patients. Five patients were treated with IIA combined with 40 Gy irradiation to the pelvic space. Results: Pretreatment WLCB revealed a tumor of stage T2b or greater in 10 patients. After neoadjuvant therapy, three patients were down‐staged to pT0. In five patients, pretreatment FNAB revealed pelvic lymph node metastases that were not detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Fine needle aspiration biopsy post‐neoadjuvant therapy revealed tumor stage N0 in all patients and lymph node dissection revealed pN0 in four patients. Of the five patients who received 40 Gy irradiation, none had any postoperative complications, such as intestinal fistula or urinary leakage. Four male patients (10%) had urethral recurrence, but all were successfully treated by transurethral resection. Two patients treated prior to 1985 experienced local recurrence. Neither was treated by neoadjuvant therapy. Eight patients who died after 1985 had metastatic cancer, but none had local recurrence. None of the patients who received a sigmoid neobladder required clean intermittent catheterization or had bilateral vesico‐ureteral reflux. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant therapy seems to reduce local recurrence in invasive bladder cancer. The sigmoid colon may be suitable for neobladder.

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