Abstract
In this paper, recent experiments of electron cyclotron plasma heating leading to electron internal transport barriers (ITBs) are summarized pointing out differences and common features. These experiments are characterized by the new condition of dominant electron heating in low collisional plasmas. The role of the central magnetic shear, which has to be weak or negative for an electron-ITB to develop, is pointed out, as well as the possible role of the Shafranov shift or α-stabilization of the turbulence responsible for the anomalous electron transport. Differences with respect to ion-ITB formation conditions are also briefly discussed. The active control of MHD instabilities is another important issue to improve plasma confinement properties. An illustrative example of stabilization of tearing mode by ECRH is reported and discussed.