As Plain as 1, 2, 3...and 4
- 1 November 1993
- journal article
- research article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Administration & Society
- Vol. 25 (3) , 293-316
- https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979302500302
Abstract
This article describes four models of organization structure: the familiar hierarchical pyramid, a pluralist system of groups in competition, an egalitarian community, and a hyperplur—a list collation of individuals. These structures arise in response to conditions of environment and technology; each has characteristic associated assumptions about human nature and characteristic decision strategies. Each of the models tends to generate an ethic that derives from its assumptions and supports its strategies. These ethical maxims are explored and the pathologies that commonly result are discussed.Keywords
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