Closed Orbit Bifurcations in Continuum Stark Spectra

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Abstract
We report an experimental and theoretical study of the effect of bifurcations of closed classical orbits in continuum Stark spectra. Our findings provide a natural way to understand how the spectrum evolves from a simple sinusoidal modulation at positive energy to a quasidiscrete spectrum below the classical ionization limit. The experiment employs scaled-energy spectroscopy of lithium. The results provide the first experimental confirmation of a formulation of closed-orbit theory that provides a quantitative description of the behavior of the spectrum at a bifurcation.