Collision Avoidance Systems and Optimal Turn Manœuvres

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Abstract
The International Collision Regulations are explicit only with regard to manoeuvre responsibilities. The manoeuvres themselves have been the subject of a large number of technical papers and conferences, particularly during the past 15 years. Nevertheless, although the use of shipboard radar systems has increased during this time, it is apparent from collision statistics and from the variety of published opinions and recommendations that the manoeuvre-specification problem is not considered as solved. In fact, in many cases, recommended turn manoeuvres can actually lead to a cooperative collision, when more realistic turn dynamics are assumed for the ships. The range of conflicting opinions, few of which are based on an analysis of ship manoeuvre dynamics, provides the motivation for the present study.

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