Experimental study of nucleation in binary mixtures: The nitric acid–water and sulfuric acid–water systems

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Abstract
The upward thermal diffusion cloud chamber was used to study the homogeneous nucleation of the HNO3–H2O and H2SO4–H2O mixtures over a wide range of water activities (i.e., relative humidities). The results were compared with the predictions of theory. Good agreement between the experimental reults and the classical theory of homogeneous nucleation was found for the HNO3–H2O mixture at all compositions. Good agreement was also found for the H2SO4–H2O mixture if one takes into account the formation of sulfuric acid hydrates in the vapor phase.