Speech Perception Under Conditions of Spectral Transformation: I. Phonetic Characteristics

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Abstract
Subjects learned to converse with each other when their speech had been spectrally rotated, such that high-frequency energy became low-frequency and vice versa. This transformation destroyed the intelligibility initially, but some subjects learned to comprehend transformed speech. The perceptual basis of the transformation is discussed with a particular emphasis placed on phonemes and phonetic features. Learning to understand spectrally transformed speech cannot be explained on the basis of phoneme behavior.