Pseudorandom testing of ventilatory response to inspired carbon dioxide in man

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Abstract
A new method of testing the transient ventilatory response to inspired CO2 in humans has been developed in an attempt to improve the resolution and reproducibility of measures of peripheral chemoreceptor-mediated dynamics. The test input consisted of varying the level of inspired CO2 between 0 and 6-8% on a pseudorandom breath-by-breath basis. Cross-correlating this input with responses of end-tidal CO2, tidal volume, durations of inspiration and expiration, and respiratory rate yielded estimates of impulse responses. Computer simulation results and data collected in two subjects showed that reliable estimates of circulatory time lags and rapid dynamics are possible with this method. In one subject, the response dynamics observed were consistent with peripheral chemoreceptor rate sensitivity or adaptation. The rapid changes in inspiratory and expiratory durations also observed are probably mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors and appear to depend on the phase of the breathing cycle at which the CO2 stimulus arrives.