β-Adrenergic Blockade in Developing Heart Failure

Abstract
Background —Whether β-adrenergic blockade modulates myocardial expression of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in heart failure is unclear. Methods and Results —We administered oral metoprolol or no therapy to rats for 12 weeks after large myocardial infarction and subsequently examined left ventricular (LV) remodeling; myocardial tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression; and NO. In untreated rats, echocardiography revealed significant ( P P P P P P Conclusions —During heart failure development, adrenergic activation contributes to increased myocardial expression of TNF-α and IL-1β but not IL-6, and one mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of β-adrenergic blockade may involve attenuation of TNF-α and IL-1β expression independent of iNOS and NO.

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