Cardiac responses to snout immersion in trained dogs

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Abstract
1. Four dogs were trained to immerse their snout voluntarily for durations up to 30 sec. Indwelling instrumentation was implanted to measure blood flow velocity in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, to sample blood from the left atrium and coronary sinus for the determination of P O2, P CO2, pH, oxygen saturation and haemoglobin concentration, and to pace the heart. An index of myocardial oxygen consumption was calculated by multiplying the mean flow velocity by the arteriovenous difference in oxygen content.

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