Approximate Formulas for a Low-Q Electromechanical Resonator and Their Applications to Electrostrictive PMN-Based Ceramics

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Abstract
A new approximate method for calculating the electromechanical coupling factors (k p and k 31) related to transverse vibration in piezoelectric ceramics is proposed, which is applicable to a wide range of coupling factors with a considerable mechanical loss. The induced-piezoelectric resonance was measured by the transmission method on PMN-based electrostrictive resonators under an applied bias field. The electromechanical parameters were determined by using the new approximation in the temperature range -100°C to 100°C under fields up to 12×105 V/m. The electrostrictive Q 31 coefficient obtained is -5.5×10-3 m4C-2 for PMN, which is in good agreement with that determined by other methods.