Mass transfer from mother to pup and subsequent mass loss by the weaned pup in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata

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Abstract
We studied the components of mass transfer from mother to pup during the lactation period and weight loss by fasting pups postweaning in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata. Measurements were taken from 33 mother–pup pairs and 69 weaned pups. Mean body weight of mothers declined from an average of 179 kg at the beginning of lactation to 150 kg for mothers nursing fat pups near the end of lactation. Over 80% of this weight loss was from the sculp (i.e., skin and blubber). Pup weight doubled during the 4 days of lactation, with about 70% of this weight gain in the form of blubber. Fasting pups lost 29% or 13 kg of their body weight between weaning and mid to late April when feeding begins. Sculp and core weight accounted for 51% and 49%, respectively, of total weight loss during this fasting period. Hooded seal mothers invest a smaller portion of their stored fat (33%) in their pup than do grey seals (85%) and northern elephant seals (58%). Our hooded seal data are consistent with the hypothesis that the abbreviation of lactation allows a reduction in overhead costs and more efficient transfer of nutrients from mother to pup.