I am indebted to Mr. Thomas Bain, Geologist and Irrigation Officer to the Government of Cape Colony, for two bones collected by him in the Oude Kloof, a picturesque mountain-valley which traverses the Nieuwveldt range north of Tamboer, on the road towards Fraserburg. The remains consist of the left ramus of the mandible, which is almost complete, and what I regard as the left squamosal bone underlapped by the malar in front, but fractured at both ends, so that only the external zygomatic bar is preserved. Small as the cranial fragment is, it is important as showing that the back of the head probably conformed to the type of skull seen in some of the Dicynodonts. The skull was as large aa that of Dicynodon leoniceps . The Zygomatic bar The longitudinal squamosal bar is 20 centim, long, compressed from side to side and flattened, with the superior border convex in length. The convexity is most marked in the hinder part, where the edge of the bone is about 0Å75 centim, thick and rounded, and the depth of the bone in front of its hinder termination is 6⋅25 centim. A wide shallow concavity extends along the external surface, and appears to be defined inferiorly by a rugose condition of the bone. Anteriorly the depth of the bar is a little less, but its thickness augments; this is due to the strong malar bone, 2⋅5 centim, thick, which forms its infero-anterior border, and extends behind the thin, external, zygomatic prolongation forward of