Virescence of Horseradish in Illinois

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Abstract
A virescence-inducing agent, transmitted experimentally by Circulifer tenellus, was found in field-grown horseradish [Armoracia rusticana] in Illinois. Symptoms in flowering horseradish, Madagascar periwinkle, [Catharanthus roseus] radish [Raphanus sativus] and wild mustard [Brassica kaber] included virescence, phyllody, shortening of internodes, and bunching of leaves with occasional axial proliferation. Mycoplasmalike organisms of typical polymorphic morphology were found in mature sieve elements from virescent periwinkle test plants. The virescence agent was found periodically in mixed infections with Spiroplasma citri in brittle root-diseased horseradish.