Effects of Combined Treatment with Interferon and Mezerein on Melanogenesis and Growth in Human Melanoma Cells

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Abstract
We have analyzed the effects of various human interferons produced in bacteria and the antileukemic compound mezerein (MEZ) on growth and melanogenesis in human melanoma cells. In four human melanoma cell lines, recombinant human fibroblast interferon (IFN-β) was more active than recombinant human leukocyte interferons (IFN-αA, IFN-αD, or IFN-αA/D (Bgl)) in inhibiting cellular proliferation. When monolayer cultures were exposed to 1000 IU/ml IFN-β for four days the degree of growth inhibition in the different melanoma cell lines varied between 94 and 26%. Similarly, four days growth in medium containing 10 ng/ml MEZ resulted in either no inhibition of growth or as much as 53% inhibition of growth, depending on the specific melanoma cell line tested. MEZ induced dendrite-like processes, cytoplasmic projections morphologically similar to those normally found in neurons and melanocytes, in all four melanoma cell lines, whereas none of the interferons tested had this effect. The combination of interferon and MEZ resulted in a dramatic inhibition in cellular proliferation in all four melanoma cell lines. When cell extracts were assayed for melanin content, a marker of melanoma cell differentiation, the combination of IFN-β and MEZ resulted in higher levels of melanin than with either agent alone. Dendrite-like formation was also prominent in the cultures treated with this combination. These results indicate that the antiproliferative effect of interferon toward human melanoma cells can be enhanced by treatment with MEZ and that this effect is associated with an enhancement of terminal differentiation.