Erysipelothrix tonsillarum sp. nov. Isolated from Tonsils of Apparently Healthy Pigs

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Abstract
A new species, Erysipelothrix tonsillae, is proposed for avirulent Erysipelothrix strains of serotype 7, which is frequently isolated from tonsils of apparently healthy pigs. This species is morphologically and biochemically indistinguishable from the Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains characterized to date. Seven strains of E. tonsillae that belonged to serotype 7 were avirulent for swine, except for strain T-334, which induced a local urticarial lesion at the site of inoculation. The 50% lethal dose values in mice ranged from 1.0 CFU to 6.9 × 105CFU. The E. rhusiopathiae strains belonging to serotypes 2 (six strains), 6 (one strain), 11 (one strain), 12 (one strain), and 16 (one strain) induced generalized or local urticarial lesions after intradermal inoculation, except for strain T-312 of serotype 12, which showed 50% lethal dose values of ≤2.5 × 10 CFU in mice. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of E. tonsillae is 36 to 40 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Strains of this species have little deoxyribonucleic acid homology (15 to 43%) with the type strain of E. rhusiopathiae (ATCC 19414). The type strain of E. tonsillae is T-305T(ATCC 43339).

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