Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulators as emerging new drugs for schizophrenia

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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental mental disorder whose aetiology includes genetic and environmental factors. Because of its early onset, chronicity and characteristic interference with education, employment and socialisation, this illness represents a tremendous human and economic burden to those who suffer from it, their families and society as a whole. Conventional and atypical antipsychotics, which mainly affect dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, are currently the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment. Although the introduction of atypical antipsychotics represents a major development and, overall, antipsychotics are efficacious against psychotic symptoms, there remains a critical unmet need for innovative medications with improved efficacy and tolerability for the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. These dysfunction domains are reliable predictors of long-term disability and treatment outcome and are presently viewed as crucial targets for new p...