Effect of Gradients on Acoustic Velocity Meter
- 1 November 1983
- journal article
- Published by American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
- Vol. 109 (11) , 1441-1453
- https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1983)109:11(1441)
Abstract
The refraction of an acoustic path due to salinity and temperature gradients is usually neglected when making measurements with an acoustic velocity meter. This study shows that refraction of the path at a specific site in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin River Delta causes multiple reflections off the water surface and the riverbed. Due to these extreme deviations, shorter acoustic paths are required. An error estimation is performed to evaluate the effects of refraction over a 400 m path length.Keywords
This publication has 1 reference indexed in Scilit:
- Speed of Sound in Sea Water as a Function of Temperature, Pressure, and SalinityThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1960