Late Quaternary pollen records are described from two swamps at c. 1500 m a.s.l. in the Sumatran Highlands. At Danau di Atas (DDA) the record extends back to c. 31,000 BP. At Telago (TEL) the record extends back to c. 9000 BP. The results suggest that, in the Late Pleistocene, vegetation zones were depressed, and a gymnospermrich rainforest, now found only above 1800 m, surrounded DDA. At times upper montane forest may have been close to the site, suggesting a vegetational depression of c. 800 m. Mean annual temperature may have been c. 1.6⚬ C to c. 5.2⚬ C cooler than now., There is no direct evidence of formerly drier climates, although a possible reduction of water levels in the Late Pleistocene is suggested. During the Holocene, there is evidence for disturbance of rainforests, possibly by man, from a date some time after c. 8200 BP. Extensive recent forest clearance is demonstrated.