Need approval, defensive denial, and direction of aggression in a failure-frustration situation.

1 January 1967

journal article
Published by American Psychological Association (APA) in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Vol. 6 (2) , 228-232
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024570

Abstract

THE DEFENSIVE DENIAL INTERPRETATION OF SOCIAL DESIRABILITY (SD) RESPONDING WAS TESTED. 80 MALE UNDERGRADUATES WERE FAILED IN AN ACHIEVEMENT-ORIENTED SITUATION. A POSTEXPERIMENTAL QUESTIONNAIRE YIELDED EXPERIMENTALLY INDEPENDENT MEASURES OF EXTRAPUNITIVENESS, INTROPUNITIVENESS, AND IMPUNITIVENESS, WITH SD CONTROLLED. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT HIGH-SD SS WOULD MANIFEST DENIAL BY BEING LESS INTROPUNITIVE THAN LOWS AND WOULD SUPPLEMENT THIS DEFENSE BY BEING MORE EXTRAPUNITIVE. HIGH SCORERS ON A LIE TYPE OF SD SCALE WERE LESS INTROPUNITIVE THAN LOWS, WHILE HIGH EDWARDS SD SS WEE MORE EXTRAPUNITIVE THAN LOWS. THESE RESULTS, SUPPORT THE DEFENSIVE DENIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE LIE TYPE OF SD SCALE, BUT A QUESTION IS RAISED AS TO WHETHER A PURE NEED-APPROVAL HYPOTHESIS COULD ACCOUNT FOR THESE RESULTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)

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