Abstract
Presents a new methodology that calculates the signal detection parameters of discriminality and bias by adding the replacement sound to the appropriate phoneme. In 3 experiments with 160 native-English-speaking Ss, the method was used to test the hypothesis that restoration depends on the "bottom-up" confirmation of expectations generated at higher levels. Results indicate that speech perception depended on the interaction of both the top–down expectations generated by the Ss' knowledge and the bottom-up confirmation provided by the acoustics of the signal. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

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