“Pseudo‐endless Loop” Tachycardia in an AV Universal (DDD) Pacemaker

Abstract
A 3‐beat episode of ventricular arrhythmia was recorded in a patient with an AV universal (DDD) pacemaker. This arrhythmia mimicked “endless loop” tachycardia (ELT) because it appeared following a ventricular premature contraction (VPC), its rate approached the preset upper‐rate limit and the regular P waves disappeared during the episode. However, as retrograde conduction was absent ELT could not exist. The mechanism of this arrhythmia was based on a combination of interference by VPC of the regular sequence of this complexes produced by P wave and the pacemaker commitment to maintain an upper rate limit by prolongation of the programmed pacemaker AV delay.

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