Measurement of High Vacuums at Low Temperatures

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Abstract
The general usefulness of the helium mass spectrometer leak detector for measuring very low pressures at liquid helium temperatures is discussed. The required relations between mass flow, pressure, pumping speed, and the dimensions of the apparatus, in which thermomolecular flow plays a major role, are derived. It is shown that the exchange gas in liquid helium calorimeters can be pumped out to pressures below 1×10−10 mm Hg.

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