Chondrosarcoma of the jaw and facial bones

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Abstract
Background. Osteosarcomas of the jaw frequently have chondroblastic differentiation, causing confusion with chondrosarcomas. Method. Clinicopathologic features and results of treatment were analyzed for a series of 56 patients (27 males and 29 females from 1.5 to 88 years of age) with chondrosarcoma of jaw and facial bones. Twelve patients (21.4%) were younger than 20 years. Results. The major symptom was nasal obstruction or a painless mass; the median interval from the first symptom until initial treatment was 1 year. Of the 56 chondrosarcomas, 25 (44.6%) involved the alveolar portion of the maxilla and maxillary sinus; 23 (41.1%) involved the nasal septum, ethmoid, and sphenoid; 6 (10.7%) involved the mandible; and 2 (3.6%) involved the nasal tip. Of the 19 patients with radiographic studies, 15 (78.9%) had an expanding soft tissue mass with varied matrix calcification and destruction of bone and 2 had a purely lytic lesion. The lesion was difficult to assess in the two others. Most tumors had a lobulated growth pattern of hyaline cartilage. Hypercellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and binucleation were common features. Forty‐three tumors were grade 1, 13 were grade 2, and none were grade 3. Modalities of treatment were known for 51 of the 56 patients. Forty‐six patients (90.2%) had surgical treatment, 2 (3.9%) had combination radiation therapy and chemotherapy, 1 (2%) had radiation therapy alone, and 2 (3.9%) had biopsy only. Follow‐up adequate for analysis was obtained for 42 patients. Of these, 14 (33.3%) had local recurrence; uncontrolled recurrence developed in 9 (21.4%) patients. No distant metastases were documented. Overall actuarial survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 80.7%, 65.3%, and 56%, respectively. Survival was analyzed for location, size, and histologic grade of tumor. No statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions. Chondrosarcomas of the jaw and facial bones are extremely rare, locally aggressive tumors. Cancer 1995; 76:1550–8.