Regional Fat Metabolism in Human Splanchnic and Adipose Tissues; The Effect of Exercise

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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the role of splanchnic and adipose tissue in the regulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism at rest, during 1 h of semi-recumbent cycle exercise at 60 % of maximal power output and 3 h of recovery. In six post-absorptive healthy volunteers catheters were placed in a radial artery, hepatic vein and a subcutaneous vein on the anterior abdominal wall. Whole body, and regional splanchnic and adipose tissue FA metabolism were measured by a constant infusion of the stable isotopes [U-13C] palmitate and [2H5] glycerol and according to Fick's principle. The whole body rate of extracellular FA reesterification was similar at rest and during exercise (≈290 μmol min−1) and increased during recovery to a plateau of 390 μmol min−1. FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) uptake by adipose tissue was undetectable, but a constant but small glycerol uptake of ≈25 nmol (100 g)−1 min−1 was observed. From the FA taken up by the splanchnic area, 13 % was oxidized, 5–11 % converted to ketone bodies, and ≈35 % incorporated in TAG released both at rest and at the third hour of recovery from exercise. Splanchnic FA reesterification could account for 51 % and 58 % of whole body extracellular FA reesterification, of which half was accounted for by TAG released from the splanchnic area, at rest and in recovery, respectively. In conclusion, in the post-absorptive state, adipose tissue contributes very little to extracellular FA reesterification and splanchnic reesterification can account for 50–60 %, implying that FA reesterification in other tissues is important. The extracellular FA reesterification rate does not change with exercise but is higher during recovery. Furthermore, the uptake of glycerol by adipose tissue indicates that adipose tissue can metabolize glycerol.