Onset of water stress tolerance in developingHelianthus annuusembryos

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Abstract
Excised Helianthus annuus embryos were capable of precocious germination as early as 7 d after pollination. At this stage they were not capable of withstanding desiccation treatment. The desiccation tolerance was acquired at a stage of development which depended on the rate of water loss to which embryos were subjected. Coincident with the acquisition of tolerance to a rapid desiccation, they gained the capacity to withstand 24 h preincubation in agitated water; this acquisition could be correlated to a sharp decrease of the leaching of electrolytes, amino acids and proteins in the incubation water, suggesting that a change in membrane properties played a key role in this transition. Moreover, the acquisition of tolerance to these stresses was coincident with the increase of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA). ABA applied in vitro to young embryos induced tolerance both to desiccation and to preincubation in water: this in vitro acquisition of tolerance was again correlated with a decrease in the leakage.